arXiv
arXiv, Cornell University
The preprint archive for physics, mathematics, computer science, quantitative biology, statistics and economics. Papers appear here before, or instead of, journal publication.
Free to readFree to read on the publisher’s site. That does not make it free to copy.
Any curriculumNot tied to a curriculum. Useful whatever you are studying.
Version not confirmedRecorded as the version in force, but nobody has checked it against the source. Confirm the year on the source page.
Most of what is here has not been peer-reviewed. That is what a preprint is, not a defect — but it means a paper on arXiv has not yet been checked by anyone but its authors. Each paper sets its own licence.
A free external resource, hosted by its publisher. Free to read is not free to copy. This link reached the site on 2026-08-31. We did not read the page.